Best Practices in TSF Construction Monitoring & Quality Control

Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) are dynamic structures, built in stages and exposed to constant changes in load, moisture, and foundation behaviour. For this reason, quality control (QC) and construction monitoring are not optional, they are the backbone of safe tailings management.

A well-designed TSF can still fail if construction controls are weak. Conversely, a facility with strong monitoring and QC can outperform expectations, even under challenging conditions. This is why modern best practice is shifting toward data-driven supervision, continuous verification, and strict compliance at every stage of embankment growth.

1. Why Monitoring and Quality Control Matter

Unlike conventional dams, TSFs evolve over time. This means the risk profile also changes. Effective monitoring ensures that:

• Construction follows design specifications

• Materials behave as expected

• Drainage systems function correctly

• Embankments remain stable under operational loads

• Early warning signs are identified before issues escalate

Every lift, compaction layer, and drainage structure directly impacts long-term performance.

2. Core Components of Best Practice Monitoring

A. Material Verification

Confirming the quality and behaviour of materials used in TSF embankments is critical:

• Grain size distribution

• Moisture content

• Density and compaction

• Permeability

• Shear strength

Testing ensures the embankment is built on materials that meet the design’s intended performance.

B. Real-Time Instrumentation & Data Tracking

Instrumentation provides the most reliable insight into how a TSF is truly performing. Common tools include:

• Piezometers – to track pore pressure

• Settlement plates – to measure vertical displacement

• Inclinometers – to detect lateral movement

• Flow meters – to monitor seepage

• Vibrating wire sensors – for stress and load changes

Consistent data interpretation is crucial for detecting trends early.

C. Field Supervision & Construction Audits

Quality control is strengthened through:

• Daily inspections

• Construction checklists

• Photographic documentation

• Verification of compaction procedures

• Cross-checking lift heights and slopes

• Reviewing drainage installation and conditions

Field engineers ensure the design intent is correctly implemented.

3. Operational Best Practices

1. Maintain a Clear Construction Record

Accurate documentation supports compliance, audits, and future decision-making.

2. Integrate the Observational Method

Monitoring results should guide adjustments to construction sequencing, rates of raising, and drainage improvements.

3. Enforce Strict Water Management

Proper control of surface water, seepage, and pond levels reduces failure risks and maintains embankment integrity.

4. Promote Real-Time Communication

Designers, contractors, operators, and geotechnical teams must communicate continuously, especially when data deviates from expectations.

5. Continuous Training for Construction Teams

A well-informed team is one of the strongest safeguards for TSF safety.

4. AES Quality Approach

At African Engineering Services (AES), we integrate global best practices with regional knowledge to deliver robust QC and monitoring programs. Our approach includes:

• Advanced lab and field testing

• Real-time interpretation of instrumentation data

• Construction audits and verification

• Continuous communication with operators

• Compliance with GISTM and international standards

Our priority is simple: build TSFs that perform safely throughout their entire lifecycle.